This time it’s different….
It’s a classic risk management bromide to beware of the phrase “this time it’s different.” That’s good advice and the phrase should set off warning bells. Of course, the trouble is, this time, it really is different. Engineers, like us, remember basic systems analysis. One of the first concepts is open systems versus closed systems. According to the International Council on Systems Engineering, “A closed system is a system that is completely isolated from its environment. An
